Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide and a major cause of cervical cancer, as well as anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers and genital warts. Although effective preventive strategies such as Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screening and HPV vaccination are available, coverage of HPV preventive care remains suboptimal. Parental knowledge and attitudes play a crucial role in determining vaccination acceptance and uptake. Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge and attitudes regarding HPV infection and HPV vaccination among parents of children aged 10–16 years attending Colombo South Teaching Hospital (CSTH). Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 parents of children aged 10–16 years attending CSTH, using a consecutive sampling method and a structured self-administered questionnaire. Knowledge levels were categorized using modified Bloom’s cut-off, while attitudes were classified based on the mean score. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with significance set at p