Introduction: Effective interpersonal communication is crucial for teamwork and patient safety in the high-stakes Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). However, the patterns and influencing factors of PICU nurses' perception of this exchange remain unclear, necessitating a person-centered investigation. Objective: To explore the status and latent profiles of Perception of interpersonal exchange communication among PICU nurses, and to analyze the influencing factors of different profiles. Methods: A stratified sampling method was employed to select 570 PICU nurses from 15 tertiary hospitals in 13 regions of Hubei Province between December 2024 and January 2025. Data were collected using a general information survey , Perception of interpersonal exchange communication between medical staff and nurses, The Nursing Information Competency Assessment Scale, Professional Quality of Life Scale. Latent profile analysis and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to analyze the influencing factors of different profiles. Results: The perception of interpersonal exchange communication level of PICU nurses in Hubei Province was classified into three latent profiles: low level perception (11.7%), medium level perception (42.25%), and high level perception (46.68%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that nurses with higher information competency , no compassion fatigue, or mild compassion fatigue were more likely to belong to the medium and high perception profiles (all P < 0.05) compared to the low perception profile. Conclusion: The perceived interpersonal exchange among PICU nurses shows latent heterogeneity . Nursing managers should implement targeted strategies to enhance communication and team interaction quality .